ROS bridge

Introduction

Using ROS bridge server and a web page built with roslibjs on LAN to build a ros Interface.
Rosbridge server provides a websocket to connect the ros system and the web page.
Nginx, the local server, is used to host the web page locally.
The ports

There are two ports in this system, one is the port of rosbridge server, the other is the port of local server.
- The port of rosbridge server is set to 9090 by default. The setting is in the HTML file and the launch file of rosbridge server, we can change it, but remember to change the port in the HTML file and the launch file at the same time.
- The port of local server is set to 90 by default. The setting is in the nginx config file. This port is used to host the web page locally, and for the user to access the web page.

Setup

Install rosbridge server and nginx

sudo apt-get install ros-$ROS_DISTRO-rosbridge-server
sudo apt-get install nginx

Generate ssl certificate and key file using openssl (cd to the directory you want to store the files first)
```
openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout localhost.key -out localhost.crt
```

Edit the nginx config in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

3.1. Change the default user name www-data to hoster user name (the first line of the file, see example 3.3.)

3.2. Add the server config session in the config file.

	http {
		...
		server {
			# Put your server config here
		}
	}

3.3. Here is an example of the config file

user alfonso; # change to local server name
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;
 
events {
	worker_connections 768;
}
 
http {
 
	##
	# Basic Settings
	##
 
	sendfile on;
	tcp_nopush on;
	types_hash_max_size 2048;
	# server_tokens off;
	# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
	# server_name_in_redirect off;
				
	server {
		listen 90; # change 90 to local server  port
		listen [::]:90; # change 90 to local server port
		listen 443 ssl;
 
		# ssl config
		ssl_certificate /home/alfonso/Documents/gui/localhost.crt; # change to file path on local server
		ssl_certificate_key /home/alfonso/Documents/gui/localhost.key; # change to file path on local server
		ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
		ssl_session_timeout 10m;
		ssl_protocols TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
		ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:';
		ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
		server_name localhost;
 
		# Change to the directory of the web page on local server
		# This will be the root directory of the web page 
		# Any inlude file in the web page should be in this directory
		root /home/alfonso/Documents/gui; 
		
		index index.html;
	}
	
	include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
	default_type application/octet-stream;
 
	##
	# SSL Settings
	##
 
	ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
	ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
 
	##
	# Logging Settings
	##
 
	access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
	error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
 
	##
	# Gzip Settings
	##
 
	gzip on;
 
	# gzip_vary on;
	# gzip_proxied any;
	# gzip_comp_level 6;
	# gzip_buffers 16 8k;
	# gzip_http_version 1.1;
	# gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
 
	##
	# Virtual Host Configs
	##
 
	include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
	include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

The example web page, using a virtual joystick to publish the cmd_vel topic.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 
<head>
	<meta charset="utf-8" />
	<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/roslib@1/build/roslib.min.js"></script>
	<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/nipplejs/0.7.3/nipplejs.js"></script>
 
	<script type="text/javascript">
		var ros = new ROSLIB.Ros({
			// change to robot ip address 
			// 9090 is the default port of rosbridge server
			url: 'ws://192.168.120.148:9090' 
		});
 
		ros.on('connection', function () {
			document.getElementById("status").innerHTML = "Connected";
		});
 
		ros.on('error', function (error) {
			document.getElementById("status").innerHTML = "Error";
		});
 
		ros.on('close', function () {
			document.getElementById("status").innerHTML = "Closed";
		});
 
		var txt_listener = new ROSLIB.Topic({
			ros: ros,
			name: '/txt_msg',
			messageType: 'std_msgs/String'
		});
 
		txt_listener.subscribe(function (m) {
			document.getElementById("msg").innerHTML = m.data;
			move(1, 0);
		});
 
		cmd_vel_listener = new ROSLIB.Topic({
			ros: ros,
			name: "/cmd_vel",
			messageType: 'geometry_msgs/Twist'
		});
 
		move = function (linear, angular) {
			var twist = new ROSLIB.Message({
				linear: {
					x: linear,
					y: 0,
					z: 0
				},
				angular: {
					x: 0,
					y: 0,
					z: angular
				}
			});
			cmd_vel_listener.publish(twist);
		}
 
		createJoystick = function () {
			var options = {
				zone: document.getElementById('zone_joystick'),
				threshold: 0.1,
				position: { left: 50 + '%' },
				mode: 'static',
				size: 150,
				color: '#000000',
			};
			manager = nipplejs.create(options);
 
			linear_speed = 0;
			angular_speed = 0;
 
			manager.on('start', function (event, nipple) {
				timer = setInterval(function () {
					move(linear_speed, angular_speed);
				}, 25);
			});
 
			manager.on('move', function (event, nipple) {
				max_linear = 5.0; // m/s
				max_angular = 2.0; // rad/s
				max_distance = 75.0; // pixels;
				linear_speed = Math.sin(nipple.angle.radian) * max_linear * nipple.distance/max_distance;
				angular_speed = -Math.cos(nipple.angle.radian) * max_angular * nipple.distance/max_distance;
			});
 
			manager.on('end', function () {
				if (timer) {
					clearInterval(timer);
				}
				self.move(0, 0);
			});
		}
		window.onload = function () {
			createJoystick();
		}
 
	</script>
</head>
 
<body>
	<h1>Simple ROS User Interface</h1>
	<p>Connection status: <span id="status"></span></p>
	<p>Last message on /txt_msg: <span id="msg"></span></p>
	<div id="zone_joystick" style="position: relative;"></div>
</body>
 
</html>

Startup

On robot side

Start rosbridge server

roslaunch rosbridge_server rosbridge_websocket.launch

After the user side is connected, check if the data is received.
```
rostopic echo /cmd_vel
```

On local server side

Start local server
```
sudo service nginx start
```

On user side

Open the web page

https://<ip address of the local server>:90

Bug fixes

Error :

The web page shows 403 Forbidden
- Solution :
  - Instruction - 解决Nginx出现403 forbidden
  - check users
```
ps aux | grep "nginx: worker process" | awk  '{print $1}'
```
  - Edit the user name in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf, default is www-data change to your user name

Error :

The web page shows ERR_SSL_PROTOCOL_ERROR

Solution :

Github - ERR_SSL_PROTOCOL_ERROR错误

Add the ssl config session in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

server {
	listen 90;
	listen [::]:90;
	listen 443 ssl;
 
	root /home/alfonso/Documents/gui;
	index index.html;
 
	# ssl config
	ssl_certificate /home/alfonso/Documents/gui/localhost.crt;
	ssl_certificate_key /home/alfonso/Documents/gui/localhost.key;
	ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
	ssl_session_timeout 10m;
	ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
	ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:';
	ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
	server_name localhost;
}

Restart nginx
```
sudo service nginx restart
```

🪴 Quartz 4.0

Recent writing

TOEFL Academic Writing - 10

TOEFL Academic Writing - 2

TOEFL Academic Writing - 3

TOEFL Academic Writing - 4

TOEFL Academic Writing - 5

ROS bridge

Introduction

Setup

Startup

On robot side

On local server side

On user side

Bug fixes

Reference

Websocket

Local server

Graph View

Table of Contents

Backlinks

🪴 Quartz 4.0

Recent writing

TOEFL Academic Writing - 10

TOEFL Academic Writing - 2

TOEFL Academic Writing - 3

TOEFL Academic Writing - 4

TOEFL Academic Writing - 5

ROS bridge

Introduction §

Setup §

Startup §

On robot side §

On local server side §

On user side §

Bug fixes §

Reference §

Websocket §

Local server §

Graph View

Table of Contents

Backlinks

Introduction

Setup

Startup

On robot side

On local server side

On user side

Bug fixes

Reference

Websocket

Local server